For sources with no author, use the title in place of an author.įor sources with no date use n.d. Keep in mind that the author may be an organization rather than a person. University of Colorado, Boulder.Ĭite web pages in text as you would any other source, using the author and date if known. Training strategies for improving listeners' comprehension of foreign-accented speech (Doctoral dissertation). Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 23(4), 245-259. Teaching native speakers to listen to foreign-accented speech. (2002) conducted their training with students preparing to be social workers, but note that other professionals who work with non-native speakers could benefit from a similar program.ĭerwing, T. Their training techniques are based on the research described above indicating that comprehension improves with exposure to non-native speech. More information on direct quotation of sources without pagination is given on the APA Style and Grammar Guidelines web page.Ī few researchers in the linguistics field have developed training programs designed to improve native speakers' ability to understand accented speech (Derwing et al., 2002 Thomas, 2004). For sources such as websites and e-books that have no page numbers, use a paragraph number, for example: (Field, 2005, para. For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p.
For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your reference list.ĪPA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005).
Include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source.
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